Peony (Paeonia lactiflora)

Overview

The peony (genus Paeonia, family Paeoniaceae) includes about 30 species of perennial plants and shrubs native to Asia, Europe and western North America. The Chinese or common garden peony, Paeonia lactiflora, is the main cut-flower species and one of the most coveted wedding flowers in the world.

Appearance

Peonies start as tight, round buds and open into huge, lush, cup- or bowl-shaped blooms 10–20 cm across, often with dozens of ruffled petals and a sweet, rosy fragrance. Colours range from white, blush and soft pink to coral, magenta and deep burgundy.

Flower Forms

• Single – one or two rows of petals around golden stamens.
• Japanese / Anemone – broad outer petals with a cushion-like centre.
• Semi-double – several rows of petals with visible stamens.
• Bomb / Double – fully petalled, ball-like blooms (e.g. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’, ‘Duchess de Nemours’).

Meaning & Symbolism

Peonies symbolise romance, prosperity, honour and a happy marriage. In China the peony is known as the “king of flowers” and a symbol of wealth. It is the traditional flower of the 12th wedding anniversary.

Season

Peonies are seasonal: in the Northern Hemisphere they are mainly available from late April to June, with imports from the Southern Hemisphere (Chile, New Zealand) and cold-stored stems extending availability. Order well in advance for weddings.

Use in Bouquets

As a luxurious focal flower, peonies are used in bridal bouquets, centrepieces and romantic hand-tied designs. They combine beautifully with garden roses, ranunculus, sweet peas, hydrangeas and eucalyptus.

Care & Vase Life

• Buds should feel soft like a marshmallow – hard buds may never open.
• Recut stems and place in lukewarm water to encourage opening; move to a cool place to slow it down.
• Gently wash away sticky sap from buds if they don't open.
• Typical vase life: 5–7 days once open.

Fun Facts

• Peony plants can live and bloom for more than 100 years.
• The name comes from Paeon, the physician of the Greek gods.