Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium)
Chrysanthemums ('mums') are hardy, long-lasting flowers in many shapes and colours, used as focal and filler flowers in bouquets, especially in autumn designs.
Overview
The chrysanthemum (florist's chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum × morifolium, family Asteraceae), often shortened to “mum”, was first cultivated in China more than 2,500 years ago. It is now one of the most commercially important cut flowers worldwide thanks to its wide range of forms, colours and excellent vase life.
Appearance
What looks like one flower is actually a composite head of many tiny florets. Chrysanthemums have aromatic, lobed dark-green leaves and sturdy stems. Colours include white, yellow, bronze, pink, lavender, red, green and bi-colours.
Common Florist Types
- Disbud / Football mums – one large, round bloom per stem.
- Spider mums – long, tubular, curling petals.
- Spray mums – several daisy-like blooms per stem.
- Pompon / Button mums – small, perfectly round ball-shaped blooms.
- Cremon / Anemone – cushion-like centre with a ring of petals.
Meaning & Symbolism
In China and Japan the chrysanthemum symbolises longevity, nobility and joy – it is the emblem of Japan's Imperial family. In the USA it represents cheerfulness and friendship and is the classic autumn flower, while in several European countries white chrysanthemums are associated with remembrance and graves.
Use in Bouquets
Disbud mums act as focal flowers, while spray and button mums are ideal secondary and filler flowers that add colour and volume at a lower cost. They are perfect for autumn and Thanksgiving bouquets, sympathy arrangements and long-lasting office flowers.
Care & Vase Life
- Recut stems and remove all leaves below the water line (leaves foul water quickly).
- Use flower food and change water every few days.
- Typical vase life: 14–21 days.
Fun Facts
- The name comes from Greek chrysos (gold) and anthemon (flower).
- November's birth flower is the chrysanthemum.